Judaism

Cherished Jewish family recipes to cook for a year of festivals and rituals in this essential guidebook to recipes and traditions for the next generation. The Monday Morning Cooking Club has been collecting, curating, and celebrating family cooking for 20 years, preserving and sharing recipes and stories from past generations. Now, as their adult children phone home to ask how...

Reprint of 1920 Edition This book is a reprint of the first and most important volume of The International Jew. The International Jew is a four-volume set of booklets or pamphlets originally published and distributed in the early 1920s by Henry Ford in his newspaper, the Dearborn Independent. The first volume of the series, The International Jew, The World's Foremost...

The Story of the Jews by Simon Schama, CBE, is an extraordinary narrative that spans more than 3,000 years of Jewish history. Through meticulous research and lively storytelling, Schama brings to life the epic journey of the Jewish people, a tale of resilience, creativity, and survival. This landmark work explores the manifold experiences of Jews across the centuries and across...

Penguin Classics relaunch The Jewish War by Josephus is a superbly detailed and evocative record of the Jewish rebellion against Rome between AD 66 and 70, marked by treachery and atrocity. Originally a rebel leader, Josephus changed sides after he was captured, becoming a Rome-appointed negotiator. This unique position allowed him to observe these turbulent events firsthand, from the siege...

After the Bible, this is the most important foundational text in Judaism. The Talmud is one of the most significant religious texts in the world, second only to the Bible in its importance to Judaism. As the Bible is the word of God, The Talmud applies that word to the lives of its followers. In a range of styles, including...

A bold, urgent appeal from the acclaimed columnist and political commentator, addressing one of the most pressing issues of our time. In Peter Beinart's view, one story dominates Jewish communal life: that of persecution and victimhood. It is a story that erases much of the nuance of Jewish religious tradition and warps our understanding of Israel and Palestine. After Gaza,...

Renowned and beloved as a prizewinning novelist, Dara Horn has also been publishing penetrating essays since she was a teenager. Often asked by major publications to write on subjects related to Jewish culture—and increasingly in response to a recent wave of deadly antisemitic attacks—Horn was troubled to realise what all of these assignments had in common: she was being asked...

Young children can push, pull, and slide the tabs to celebrate the festival of Hanukkah in Busy Hanukkah! Join in to learn about the celebration, make yummy potato latkes, play a game of dreidel, and light the menorah. Toddlers will love playing with this bright, colourful board book, featuring gentle, rhyming text and wonderful illustrations by Edita Hajdu. This is...

A special 25th anniversary edition of the iconic and influential cookbook from the eminent food writer, Claudia Roden. A result of 16 years of research, The Book of Jewish Food was originally published in 1997 when Jewish cuisine was overlooked by the food industry and enjoyed instead behind closed doors around the world. In this revolutionary book, Roden shone a...

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. The Scourge of Jewish Nationalism is the first book-length study of the theopolitical writings of Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum of Satmar (1887-1979). A towering figure in twentieth-century Judaism, Teitelbaum was the founder and spiritual leader of the...

A truly major work, both deeply moving and incredibly powerful. It is a masterpiece of research, structure and writing . . . unforgettable Sir Antony Beevor, bestselling author of Stalingrad In 1938, Vienna was the second largest Jewish city in Europe. By 1946, only a few thousand Jews remained. In this extraordinary story of loss, fear, longing and hope, acclaimed...

Known most widely for his role in the civil rights and peace movements of the 1960s, Abraham Joshua Heschel made major scholarly contributions to the fields of biblical studies, rabbinics, medieval Jewish philosophy, Hasidism, and mysticism. Yet his most ambitious scholarly achievement, his three-volume study of Rabbinic Judaism, is only now appearing in English. Heschel's great insight is that the...

How did Jews in the ancient world depict the practices of their pagan contemporaries? In this study, Jesse Mirotznik investigates the portrayal of pagan worship in the Hebrew Bible and ancient Jewish literature. Scholars have assumed that the portrayals in these corpora are consistent over time. Mirotznik, however, shows that there is a fundamental discontinuity between earlier and later depictions...

Membership in Jewish organisations is down. Day school enrolment has peaked. Federation campaigns are flat. The fastest growing and second largest category of Jews is "Just Jewish." Young Jewish adults are unengaged and ageing baby boomers are disengaging. Yet, in the era of Facebook, people crave face-to-face community. "It's all about relationships." With this simple, but profound idea, noted educator...

The definitive and most recognisable Haggadah in English. This has become the standard for most synagogues, schools, and homes. Rabbi Nathan Goldberg's Passover Haggadah comes with an accessible English translation, clear instructions, and numbered lines so everyone can follow along in Hebrew or in English.

Ruth Morris's new book focuses on Mary Elizabeth Braddon and the Jewish World, 1880-1915 and examines Mary Elizabeth Braddon's novels from 1880 to her death in 1915, exploring how the portrayal of Jewish characters and Jewish culture shifts throughout this timeframe. By tracing the fortunes of Anglo-Jewry through Braddon's fiction into the twentieth century, it draws contextually on significant world...

Jenny Read-Heimerdinger explores the characters of Luke-Acts in order to situate them in the Jewish world to which they belong. Through a close reading of the Greek text, she argues that Luke emerges as a person thoroughly steeped in a Jewish view of Scripture, familiar with a range of associated oral traditions. Taking account of the Jewish features allows new...

Between 1933 and 1942, around 20,000 refugees fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi-occupied Europe, most of them Jewish. Unable to assimilate into Chinese culture, the Jewish community spent a decade preserving their own culture and enduring harsh Japanese occupation in Shanghai, before dispersing around the world after the end of World War II. Steve Hochstadt, whose Viennese grandparents were among...

During the 1930s and 1940s, Jews in the Middle East took part in extensive debates on fascism in the public sphere. How did the rise of fascism impact the ways in which Jews in the region envisioned the past, present and future? Confronting Fascism in the Arabic Jewish Press examines Jewish discussions on the positions and identities of Jews in...

For thousands of years, the people of the Jewish Diaspora have carried their culinary traditions and kosher laws throughout the world. In the United States, this has resulted primarily in an Ashkenazi table of matzo ball soup and knishes, brisket and gefilte fish. But Joyce Goldstein is now expanding that menu with this comprehensive collection of over four hundred recipes...

Step-by-step instructions for the seven core doughs of Jewish baking. Jewish baked goods have brought families together around the table for centuries. In Modern Jewish Baker, Sarna pays homage to those traditions while reinvigorating them with modern flavours and new ideas. One kosher dough at a time, she offers the basics for challah, babka, bagels, hamantaschen, rugelach, pita, and matzah....

Revenge, argues award-winning author Laura Jockusch, was a ubiquitous coping reaction among European Jews during the Holocaust. It manifested as some acts of violence against Nazi perpetrators and their collaborators, as well as revenge fantasies expressed in diaries, letters, last wills, wall inscriptions, songs, and poems. Jockusch reveals how Holocaust survivors—alongside other Europeans—continued this multifaceted engagement with revenge after their...

A truly major work, both deeply moving and incredibly powerful. It is a masterpiece of research, structure and writing ... unforgettable. Sir Antony Beevor, bestselling author of Stalingrad In 1938, Vienna was the second largest Jewish city in Europe. By 1946, only a few thousand Jews remained. In this extraordinary story of loss, fear, longing, and hope, acclaimed historian Douglas...

Each of the major Jewish holidays and festivals includes special traditions and customs. In the autumn, people eat apples dipped in honey to celebrate the new year's sweetness on Rosh Hashanah. Glowing candles are an important symbol during the eight-day winter holiday of Hanukkah. In the spring, five special foods are eaten at Passover. Clear text and vibrant photos help...

A beautiful Tarot deck and booklet revealing the lost and forgotten Jewish origins of the Tarot, featuring a foreword by poet Ariana Reines. For hundreds of years, the original meaning of the Tarot de Marseille, the artistic ancestor of the contemporary Tarot, has been a source of mystery, speculation, and debate. When Torah student Stav Appel encountered the Jean Noblet...

Find out all about the world of Judaism in this friendly first look at religion. A World of Faiths: Judaism takes a positive and celebratory look at Judaism, exploring how it began, its core beliefs, ways of worship, important festivals and more. Friendly, accessible text is complemented by a bright, colourful design and images that show Judaism in the real...

Find out all about the world of Judaism in this friendly first look at religion. A World of Faiths: Judaism takes a positive and celebratory look at Judaism, exploring how it began, its core beliefs, ways of worship, important festivals, and more. Friendly, accessible text is complemented by a bright, colourful design and images that show Judaism in the real...

A comprehensive collection of recipes inspired by over 100 years – and five generations – of family baking. From Rinkoffs, a family-run Jewish bakery in London’s East End, comes The Jewish Bakery, an exciting selection of their tried-and-tested recipes, all of which bring the joy of the bakery into your kitchen. Ranging from simple bakes to more involved recipes, you’ll...

#1 New York Times Bestseller Edith Hahn was an outspoken young woman in Vienna when the Gestapo forced her into a ghetto and then into a slave labour camp. When she returned home months later, she knew she would become a hunted woman and went underground. With the help of a Christian friend, she emerged in Munich as Grete Denner....

This volume examines Judaism in Palestine throughout the Hellenistic period, from Alexander the Great's conquest in 334 BC to its capture by the Arabs in AD 636. Under the Greek, Roman, and finally Christian supremacy which Hellenism brought, Judaism developed far beyond its biblical origins into a form which was to influence European history from the Middle Ages to the...

For much of American history, an impassable gulf seemed to separate Jews and Christians, keeping their respective peoples and cultures far apart. But in recent decades that has begun to change. The rise of a militant secularism, one equally hostile to Israel and to America's Judeo-Christian values and institutions, has unexpectedly drawn Jews and Christians closer together. In the face...

Homosexuality, Transsexuality, Psychoanalysis and Traditional Judaism explores the often incommensurable and irreconcilable beliefs and understandings of sexuality and gender in the Orthodox Jewish community from psychoanalytic, rabbinic, feminist, and queer perspectives. The book delves into how seemingly irreconcilable differences might be resolved. The book is divided into two separate but related sections. The first section highlights the divide between the...

Josephus, a soldier, statesman, and historian, was a Jew born in Jerusalem around 37 CE. A man of high descent, he was early learned in Jewish law and Greek literature and was a Pharisee. After pleading in Rome the cause of some Jewish priests, he returned to Jerusalem and in 66 tried to prevent a revolt against Rome, managing for...

Know all about Judaism in one place Judaism All-In-One For Dummies is a comprehensive resource on Jewish beliefs, practices, traditions, and sacred texts. This helpful guide offers a deep understanding of the 4,000-year-old faith that continues to provide meaning to millions of people all around the world. This book covers everything from foundational beliefs to Torah study, Hebrew language basics,...

In this book, Rose illuminates the extraordinary creativity of Jewish intellectuals as they reevaluated Judaism with the tools of a German philosophical tradition fast emerging as central to modern intellectual life. While previous work emphasizes the "subversive" dimensions of German-Jewish thought or the "inner antisemitism" of the German philosophical tradition, Rose shows convincingly the tremendous resources German philosophy offered contemporary...

Josephus, soldier, statesman, historian, was a Jew born at Jerusalem about 37 CE. A man of high descent, he early became learned in Jewish law and Greek literature and was a Pharisee. After pleading in Rome the cause of some Jewish priests, he returned to Jerusalem and in 66 tried to prevent revolt against Rome, managing for the Jews the...

A Home for All Jews by Orit Rozin offers inspired scholarship focusing on the construction and negotiation of citizenship in Israel during the state's first decade. Positioning itself both within and against much of the critical sociological literature on the period, this work reveals the dire historical circumstances and the ideological and bureaucratic pressures that limited the freedoms of Israeli...

Celebrate Hanukkah with the crew from the New York Times bestselling Goodnight, Goodnight, Construction Site series in this heartwarming seasonal board book—the perfect addition to any young reader's holiday library! Join your favourite construction friends as they light up the night in celebration of the Festival of Lights. Through engaging illustrations and a story filled with warmth and joy, Construction...

In The Misunderstood Jew, scholar Amy-Jill Levine helps Christians and Jews understand the "Jewishness" of Jesus so that their appreciation of him deepens and a greater interfaith dialogue can take place. Levine's humour and informed truth-telling provoke honest conversation and debate about how Christians and Jews should understand Jesus, the New Testament, and each other.

A full-colour illustrated treasury of Jewish holidays to introduce young readers to the foundation of the faith in an inclusive, informative, and accessible format. Celebrate and learn about ten Jewish holidays with this inviting and warm-hearted treasury. Perfect for reading together, this collection explains when we celebrate, why we celebrate, how we celebrate, and what we say on the holidays...

Comprehensive, authoritative, and wonderfully engaging, this peerless guide to Jewish faith and practice belongs on the bookshelf of every Jewish family—and anyone interested in Jewish culture. Writing in short, accessible chapters that cover Jewish beliefs, people, literature, holidays, worship, and living, he captures the essence of Judaism, honouring and explicating the diversity of Jewish thought and observance, from Reform and...

Shortlisted for the Leslie and Sophie Caplan Award for Jewish Non-Fiction Surviving photographs of Jewish Viennese men during the fin-de-siècle and interwar periods – both the renowned cultural luminaries and their many anonymous coreligionists – all share a striking sartorial detail: the tailored suit. Yet, until now, the adoption of the tailored suit and its function in the formation of...

A compelling book that casts the Qur'anic encounter with Jews in an entirely new light. In this panoramic and multifaceted book, Meir Bar-Asher examines how Jews and Judaism are depicted in the Qur'an and later Islamic literature, providing needed context to those passages critical of Jews that are most often invoked to divide Muslims and Jews or to promote Islamophobia....

In a work of scholarship both erudite and funny, Jeremy Dauber traces the origins of Jewish comedy and its development from biblical times to the age of Twitter. Organising his book thematically into what he calls the seven strands of Jewish comedy (including the Satirical, the Witty and the Vulgar), Dauber explores the ways Jewish comedy has dealt with persecution,...

Josephus, soldier, statesman, historian, was a Jew born at Jerusalem about 37 CE. A man of high descent, he early became learned in Jewish law and Greek literature and was a Pharisee. After pleading in Rome the cause of some Jewish priests he returned to Jerusalem and in 66 tried to prevent revolt against Rome, managing for the Jews the...

For fans of Scott Hahn's work comes this thought-provoking examination of the Eucharist and its origins in ancient Hebrew tradition. A revelatory exploration of the Jewish roots of the Last Supper that seeks to understand exactly what happened at Jesus' final Passover. "Clear, profound and practical—you do not want to miss this book." - Dr. Scott Hahn, author of The...

This book is the second volume in John Meier's masterful trilogy on the life of Jesus. In it, he continues his quest for the answer to the greatest puzzle of modern religious scholarship: Who was Jesus? To answer this, Meier imagines the following scenario: "Suppose that a Catholic, a Protestant, a Jew, and an agnostic were locked up in the...

In this definitive book on the real, historical Jesus, one of our foremost biblical scholars meticulously sifts the evidence of 2,000 years to portray neither a rural magician nor a figure of obvious power, but a marginal Jew. A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, Volume I by John P. Meier challenges readers to reconceptualise traditional narratives by presenting Jesus...

This is the third volume of the projected four-volume history of the Second Temple period, collecting all that is known about the Jews from the period of the Maccabaean revolt to Hasmonean rule and Herod the Great. Based directly on primary sources, the study addresses aspects such as Jewish literary sources, economy, Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Diaspora,...

Walk your way through Jewish history, life, and culture—from Abraham to today Jewish History For Dummies provides unbiased, factual history of Jewish life, culture, and history. You'll take a look at the roots of Jewish history, beginning in 2000 B.C.E. with Abraham and his descendants. Chapter by chapter, you'll trace the evolution of the Jewish people through the biblical record...

When Christians Were Jews offers a compelling account of Christianity’s Jewish beginnings, from one of the world’s leading scholars of ancient religion. How did a group of charismatic, apocalyptic Jewish missionaries, working to prepare their world for the impending realisation of God’s promises to Israel, end up inaugurating a movement that would grow into the gentile church? Committed to Jesus’s...

Josephus, soldier, statesman, historian, was a Jew born at Jerusalem around 37 CE. A man of high descent, he early became learned in Jewish law and Greek literature and was a Pharisee. After pleading in Rome the cause of some Jewish priests, he returned to Jerusalem and in 66 tried to prevent revolt against Rome, managing for the Jews the...

This book explores the beliefs and practices of Judaism as a lived religion in the United Kingdom and addresses issues of representation. Understanding Judaism engages with Jewish beliefs and practices in a way that is accurate, accessible and engaging for teachers of all phases. Aspects of Judaism explored include the concepts that form the central beliefs of Judaism, and then...

The Destruction of Jewish Cemeteries in Poland offers a comprehensive examination of the history of Jewish cemeteries in Poland, shedding light on an overlooked aspect of Holocaust history. Beginning with the settlement of Jewish communities in Poland, the book covers the establishment and subsequent destruction of over 1,200 Jewish cemeteries within the country's present borders. Krzysztof Bielawski draws on meticulous...

Using testimonies, Nazi documents, memoirs, and artistic representations, this volume broadens and deepens comprehension of Jewish women's experiences of rape and other forms of sexual violence during the Holocaust. The book goes beyond previous studies, and challenges claims that Jewish women were not sexually violated during the Holocaust. This anthology by an interdisciplinary and international group of scholars addresses topics...

Modern Jewish thought is often defined as a German affair, with interventions from Eastern European, American, and Israeli philosophers. The story of France's development of its own schools of thought has not been substantially treated outside the French milieu. This anthology of modern French Jewish writing offers the first look at how this significant and diverse body of work developed...

Anti-Semitism is on the rise. How is this still possible? Once again, we are witness to a surge in right-wing authoritarianism, ethnonationalism, and white supremacism, and the racist, xenophobic, and misogynist violence they spread. Like historic newsreels brought back to life, renewed waves of refugees are turned away at borders, placed in cages, or washed up lifeless on the shore....

This cookbook features recipes for German-Jewish cuisine as it existed in Germany prior to World War II, and as refugees later adapted it in the United States and elsewhere. Because these dishes differ from more familiar Jewish food, they will be a discovery for many people. With a focus on fresh, seasonal ingredients, this indispensable collection of recipes includes numerous...

How identity politics failed one particular identity. ‘A must read and if you think YOU don’t need to read it, that’s just the clue to know you do’ SARAH SILVERMAN ‘A masterpiece' STEPHEN FRY Jews Don’t Count is a book for people on the right side of history. People fighting the good fight against homophobia, disablism, transphobia and, particularly, racism....

Contemporary arguments about Jewish law uniquely reflect both the story of Jewish modernity and a crucial premise of modern conceptions of law generally: the claim of autonomy for the intellectual subject and practical sphere of the law. Yet for all the interest in and importance of Jewish legal theory, there is no single volume that addresses it simultaneously in its...

The Object of Jewish Literature explores a history of modern Jewish literature that delves into our enduring attachment to the book as an object. With the rise of digital media, the "death of the book" has been widely discussed. However, the physical object of the book persists. Through the lens of materiality and objects, Barbara E. Mann presents a history...

First published in 1996, James Shapiro's pathbreaking analysis of the portrayal of Jews in Elizabethan England challenged readers to recognise the significance of Jewish questions in Shakespeare's day. From accounts of Christians masquerading as Jews to fantasies of settling foreign Jews in Ireland, Shapiro's work delves deeply into the cultural insecurities of Elizabethans while illuminating Shakespeare's portrayal of Shylock in...

Natan Sznaider offers a highly original account of Jewish memory and politics before and after the Holocaust. It seeks to recover an aspect of Jewish identity that has been almost completely lost today – namely, that throughout much of their history, Jews were both a nation and cosmopolitan, living in a constant tension between particularism and universalism. It is precisely...

Scattered throughout the Talmud, the founding document of rabbinic Judaism in late antiquity, can be found quite a few references to Jesus—and they're not flattering. In this lucid, richly detailed, and accessible book, Peter Schäfer examines how the rabbis of the Talmud read, understood, and used the New Testament Jesus narrative to assert, ultimately, Judaism's superiority over Christianity. The Talmudic...

Scholars of biblical law are already widely agreed that ancient Israel did not draft law-texts for legislative purposes. Little attention has yet been given to explaining how and when later Judaism did come to regard Torah as legislative. As a result, the current consensus (that Ezra introduced legislative uses of Torah) is based on assumptions which have never been tested....

Focusing on the Arab World and Turkey, the authors show how Christian and Jewish minorities survived and even prospered under Islam, thus modifying the view of Islam as dogmatic and unbending. They demonstrate that the decline of these minorities occurred in the wake of confrontation with the Christian West, the Crusades, the Spanish Reconquista, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire...

In this exciting addition to Bloomsbury’s Short Histories series, Steven Leonard Jacobs critically yet concisely examines the history of Judaism and the Jewish people, drawing from maps, photographs, and archives to illuminate the history of one of the world’s oldest religions. Beginning by establishing a definition of Judaism, Jacobs explores the historiography of the Jewish people, in addition to the...

Critically interprets the condition of man living in the shadow of the Shoah, in the world after Jews. The basic idea of this book is an attempt to describe and critically interpret the condition of man living in the shadow of the Shoah, in the world after Jews. The author achieves this by referring to the language of political theology,...

Saralee Siegel can do extraordinary things with her super-nose. But when a smell cloud sends her back in time she could lose everything. Join Saralee on her remarkable journey in A Donut in Time: A Hanukkah Story as she navigates mischief, mysteries, and her unique abilities. This adventure promises to entertain and delight readers of all ages, merging the magic...

What does it mean to be Jewish? What is an anti-Semite? Why does the enigmatic identity of the men who founded the first monotheistic religion arouse such passions? We need to return to the Jewish question. We need, first, to distinguish between the anti-Judaism of medieval times, which persecuted the Jews, and the anti-Judaism of the Enlightenment, which emancipated them...

This book tells the fascinating life story of Manuela Alexejew through her extensive collection of paintings, sculpture, and antiques, among which she lives with her husband Carlos Brandl in a grand loft in Berlin. Featuring works by artists as varied as Otto Dix, Otto Piene, George Condo, Allen Jones, Yayoi Kusama, and Alicja Kwade (to name but a few), it...

Zinaida Poliakova (1863–1953) was the eldest daughter of Lazar Solomonovich Poliakov, one of the three brothers known as the Russian Rothschilds. They were moguls who dominated Russian finance and business and built almost a quarter of the railroad lines in Imperial Russia. For more than seventy-five years, Poliakova kept detailed diaries of her world, giving us a rare look into...

Was Jesus the founder of Christianity or a teacher of Judaism? When he argued the latter based on the New Testament, Abraham Geiger ignited an intense debate that began in nineteenth-century Germany but continues to this day. Geiger, a pioneer of Reform Judaism and a founder of Jewish studies, developed a Jewish version of Christian origins. He contended that Jesus...

“A challenging, sensitive, appreciative, deep and broad-minded book.”The Muslim World Book Review “The work of a master scholar who has devoted a lifetime of scholarly, dialogical, and contemplative reflection to these three interconnected traditions. Audacious in its breadth, the book also addresses important and urgent issues, ranging from creation and eschatology to providence and grace, and the debates that even...

An analysis of metaphor in the legal texts of the Old Testament using the tools of cognitive and cultural linguistics. The Old Testament is rich in metaphor. Metaphorical expressions appear not only in places where you might expect them, like the poetic verses, but also in the legal texts. They appear in the preambles to collections of laws, in their...

This edition brings together one of the most beautiful renderings of the Hebrew Bible in the English language with a wealth of Jewish art and imagery. The classic 20th-century translation by the Jewish Publication Society is illustrated with ancient frescoes, medieval illuminated manuscripts, and paintings by contemporary Jewish artists. Bound in blue cloth with an illuminated gold foil front cover,...

The scholarly quest to answer the question of Jewish origins. The Jews have one of the longest continuously recorded histories of any people in the world, but what do we actually know about their origins? While many think the answer to this question can be found in the Bible, others look to archaeology or genetics. Some sceptics have even sought...

The Miracle of Hanukkah is the perfect picture book to introduce children to the story and traditions of Hanukkah, with text by award-winning author Malachy Doyle and stunning, colourful illustrations from Christopher Corr, the talented team behind Rama and Sita: The Story of Diwali. King Antiochus has destroyed the temple and city because the Jews won't worship him instead of...

In Jews, Christians, and the Abode of Islam, Jacob Lassner examines the triangular relationship that during the Middle Ages defined—and continues to define today—the political and cultural interaction among the three Abrahamic faiths. Lassner looks closely at the debates occasioned by modern Western scholarship on Islam to throw new light on the social and political status of medieval Jews and...